Child nutrition

Childhood is divided into two stages, namely the 4 ~ 6 years old and 7 ~ 12 years of age. 4 ~ 6-year-old child growth and development of faster, more capable of language movement, physical being constructed bones, teeth, muscles and blood. Therefore, greater nutrient requirements, we must have enough thermal energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for growth and development and other needs. 7 ~ 12-year-old children in rapid growth and development stage, is the second peak period of growth and development. This period of increased physical activity of children, metabolic exuberant, so demanding of nutrition. The adequacy of nutrition supply comprehensive, the proportion of suitable, not only related to the child's growth and development and physical health, but also with the mental development, improving the learning situation, improve the relationship between academic performance extremely close.
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Constitute a human tissue proteins are essential components of cells, but also to ensure that the material basis of physiological function, when insufficient energy intake was also used for energy, it should be an adequate intake of other nutrients can to conserve protein for growth and repair organizations use . Infant and child growth and development period because of strong in positive nitrogen balance, protein required relatively older children and adults for many (Table 4-1). Different food proteins contain different amino acid volume, was particularly important that the ratio between essential amino acids different. Milk and egg proteins constitute the human body with the most suitable protein ratio of essential amino acids, so the maximum physiological value. Animal protein than plant protein, such as cereal protein lysine content because of less physiological low value of soybean protein is rich in lysine, it is such as beans with rice or bean flour, fresh can complement each other, improve dietary protein utilization (the complementary roles of protein). Children should not be a single long-term ingestion of food grains in order to avoid protein-energy malnutrition.
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Fats are essential nutrients, are a basic food components. Excessive intake of saturated fatty acids likely to cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, will lead to obesity, but also induced high blood pressure, diabetes and so on. With regard to vegetable oil as the oil people, the general will not be any fat deficiency. As long as the dietary supplement at a certain amount of ω-3 unsaturated fatty acids, hyperlipidemia can be prevented and Alzheimer's disease, in infants, children and young people to add an appropriate amount of dietary ω-3 unsaturated fatty acids can improve IQ and memory.